RELATIONSHIPS: Types of Relationships PATERNITY AND MATERNITY Paternity and maternity tests compare a child to an alleged father or mother. Usually only the potential parent and child are tested and return a conclusive result. In rare cases, the other parent may need to be included due to a mutation which brings the calculated likelihood below our conclusive threshold. For information about paternity testing on an unborn child, please visit our Prenatal page. GRANDPATERNITY Grandpaternity tests are conducted when the potential parent is unavailable, but the potential parent’s family still wishes to establish a biological relationship. Grandpaternity can be tested using one or both grandparents; however, if only one grandparent is involved, it is strongly recommended that the known parent of the child be tested as well. Due to the degree of genetic separation in this type of relationship, grandpaternity tests to a single potential grandparent without the known parent frequently return inconclusive results. Testing the known parent will help to make the results more conclusive. SIBLINGSHIP Siblingship tests can determine if potential siblings share one or both parents. GenQuest can test for a half sibling relationship, wherein the participants would share a single parent, or for a full sibling relationship, wherein the participants would share both parents. Siblingship tests, and especially half siblingships, will often return inconclusive results. To determine a more conclusive probability between potential siblings, at least one parent should be tested as well. If a parent is not involved in the test, the testing may not confirm the relationship. AVUNCULAR Avuncular tests are conducted between a child and a potential parent’s sibling (the alleged aunt or uncle of the child). Due to the degree of genetic separation in this type of relationship, avuncular tests without the child’s known parent frequently return inconclusive results. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to include the child’s known parent in these tests. However, if the potential relations are male and possibly related along the same male lineage, the participants may also benefit from Y-STR testing. Visit our Y-STR Testing page for details.
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